ABM Reagents

<h2 dir="ltr">What Are Lentiviral &amp; Vector Systems for CRISPR?</h2>
 Lentiviral vector (LV) systems deliver CRISPR/Cas9 components with the capacity to carry complex transgenes and sustain robust, long-term expression across dividing and non-dividing cell types. Unlike transient transfection, lentiviral transduction integrates the transgene into the host genome, making it the method of choice for generating stable Cas9-expressing cell lines and pooled sgRNA library screens. The right vector system influences gene delivery efficiency, expression control, and experimental success. Select the platform that best fits your research objectives.
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<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
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<ul>
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Epigenetic Modulator Lentivirus (TET1CD/DNMT3A): Tailored viral platforms created for precise DNA methylation or demethylation to investigate gene control and epigenetic changes at particular sites.
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CRISPRa &amp; CRISPRi Delivery Mechanisms (VPR/KRAB): Advanced dCas9 lentiviral vectors designed for strong transcriptional enhancement or repression while preserving the original DNA sequence.
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Cas9 Nuclease &amp; Nickase Lentiviruses: Immediately usable viral particles that ensure effective transport of double-strand break or single-strand nicking enzymes for lasting site-directed mutagenesis.
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Lentiviral Cloning &amp; Expression Vectors: Adaptable transfection-ready genetic frameworks equipped with C-terminal tags and enhanced promoters for the creation of tailored guide RNA and effector proteins.
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Non-Viral Cas9 Vector Options: High-quality plasmid-based systems intended for temporary expression in scenarios where viral incorporation is not needed.
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High-Titer Packaging Solutions: Viral preparations safe from endotoxins, enhanced for optimal transduction efficiency in delicate therapeutic candidate evaluation and disease modeling.
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</ul>
<h2 dir="ltr"> How to Choose Lentiviral/Vector CRISPR Systems</h2>
 Packaging Generation Second- and third-generation packaging designs progressively remove viral accessory genes (nef, vif, vpr, vpu) for enhanced biosafety. Third-generation systems split packaging components across two plasmids and eliminate the Tat transactivator, producing replication-incompetent particles suitable for BSL-2 settings. CRISPR-Specific Format Cas9 lentiviral plasmids provide stable Cas9 integration; pre-linearised sgRNA lentiviral plasmids are ready for guide sequence insertion; dox-inducible (Tet-On) Cas9 systems allow temporally controlled editing. Paired Cas9 and sgRNA vectors generate inducible stable editing cell lines. Transient vs. Stable Needs For experiments requiring transient editing without permanent genomic modification, all-in-one or dual-plasmid Cas9/sgRNA transfection systems (lipid-based or electroporation) are appropriate. For stable, heritable expression, lentiviral integration is required. Cell Type Lentiviral vectors transduce both dividing and non-dividing cells, including post-mitotic neurons and macrophages &mdash; applications that gamma-retroviral vectors cannot support. Screening Scale Pooled sgRNA libraries transduced at low MOI enable genome-wide functional screens; stable lentiviral Cas9 cell lines, generated once and banked, provide a consistent starting point for multiple guide RNA screen iterations. 
<h2 dir="ltr"> Specifications Context</h2>
 Lentiviral and vector systems support pooled genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens, stable Cas9 cell line generation, inducible gene editing models, hard-to-transfect primary cell engineering, and CAR-T cell development workflows. Lentiviral plasmids contain LTRs prone to recombination in standard E. coli strains &mdash; recombination-resistant strains such as Stbl3 are recommended for plasmid propagation. Integrase-deficient lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) or RNP electroporation are preferred where insertional mutagenesis risk must be minimised, such as therapeutic cell engineering. For research-scale work where stable integration is the goal, third-generation lentiviral systems remain the standard choice given their established safety record and broad cell-type compatibility across academic and industry labs. Labs new to lentiviral work often start with a well-characterised packaging system and a small pilot transduction before scaling to a full screen or stable line generation campaign.
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Reach out to the professional <a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us" style="color: #236fa1;">team at MBP Inc.</a> now to obtain a quote for the perfect Lentivirus system tailored to your research needs.

Vector & Lentivirus Systems

Lentivirus Systems

Cas9 Nuclease Non-Viral Vector

K095 by Applied Biological Materials is a non-viral plasmid vector (10 µg, Ice Pack) expressing spCas9 nuclease for direct lipofection or electroporation into target cells — no viral packaging required. Transient expression limits active nuclease duration for reduced cumulative off-target editing. Separate sgRNA (5'-NGG PAM) required. Store at &minus;20°C.

Unit Quantity

Vector

Shipping Condition

<h2 dir="ltr"> What Are Cas9 Enzymes?</h2>
 Cas9 is the catalytic core of the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system. Sourced from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) or Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9), recombinant Cas9 proteins are expressed and purified to high purity for direct use in ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes &mdash; currently the most widely recommended format for mammalian cell editing due to rapid activity onset and minimised off-target effects compared to plasmid-based delivery. Genome-editing performance depends on the appropriate nuclease format. Choose the Cas9 enzyme that aligns with your editing strategy.
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<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
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<ul>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1">
NLS-Tagged Cas9 and saCas9 Nucleases: Recombinant proteins of high purity designed for quick nuclear localization and strong initiation of double-strand breaks (DSBs) at specific genomic sites.
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Precision Cas9 Nickase (H840A): Tailored variants created for dual-nicking approaches to improve genomic stability and notably minimize off-target alterations.
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Lyophilized Nuclease Preparations: Nuclease-free, shelf-stable proteins that offer optimal adaptability for reconstitution and high-throughput automated CRISPR-related processes.
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Catalytically Inactive Null Mutants: "Dead" Cas9 (dCas9) proteins designed for DNA-binding research and specific epigenetic modification without changing the original sequence.
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Cas12a (asCpf1) Nucleases: Alternative CRISPR systems that focus on T-rich PAM sequences to broaden the range of spatial transcriptomics and targetable genomic areas.
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GFP-Tagged Cas9 Proteins: Fluorescently marked nucleases developed for real-time assessment of transfection efficacy and visual verification of cellular absorption.
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Endotoxin-Free Enzyme Formulations: Highly pure mixtures crucial for preserving cell viability in sensitive lentiviral applications and primary cell modifications.
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</ul>
<h2 dir="ltr"> How to Choose a Cas9 Enzyme</h2>
 PAM Requirement Wild-type SpCas9 recognises any genomic locus flanked by an NGG protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), occurring roughly every 8&ndash;12 bp in mammalian genomes. SaCas9 requires NNGRRT, though engineered PAM variants (KKH, KRH, KRKH) expand targetable space. Off-Target Sensitivity High-fidelity Cas9 variants carry substitutions in the recognition lobe that reduce non-specific DNA contacts, lowering off-target cleavage while maintaining on-target activity comparable to wild-type SpCas9 &mdash; recommended for therapeutic cell engineering and base editing. Editing Mechanism Wild-type SpCas9 generates a blunt double-strand break repaired by NHEJ (indels for knockout) or HDR (precise insertions). Nickase (D10A) cuts only one strand for paired-nick HDR strategies with reduced off-target indels. dCas9 carries mutations in both nuclease domains, enabling CRISPRa/CRISPRi gene regulation without DNA cleavage. AAV Compatibility SaCas9, at approximately 1 kb smaller than SpCas9, fits a complete Cas9 + sgRNA expression cassette within the ~4.7 kb AAV packaging capacity &mdash; enabling single-vector in vivo delivery without split-vector complexity. Storage and Handling Recombinant Cas9 proteins are supplied for stability during shipping and short-term storage at &minus;20 &deg;C or &minus;80 &deg;C. Repeated freeze-thaw cycles reduce activity; aliquoting upon receipt is recommended.
<h2 dir="ltr"> Specifications Context</h2>
 An RNP is a pre-formed complex of recombinant Cas9 protein and sgRNA; once electroporated, it acts immediately and is degraded within hours, reducing off-target cleavage and avoiding immune stimulation associated with plasmid or mRNA delivery.&nbsp;Recombinant Cas9 in RNP format is validated across HEK293, HeLa, iPSCs, T cells, primary neurons, and hepatocytes, though electroporation parameters typically require cell-type-specific optimisation. Product offerings reflect MBP's catalogue as of mid-2026. 
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Cas9 Enzymes

DataSheet

MSDS

Cas9 Nuclease Protein

K108 by Applied Biological Materials is recombinant spCas9 Nuclease protein (no NLS) at 10 µM (1.60 mg/mL), supplied as 40 µg / 250 pmol (25 µL) with 10× Reaction Buffer. PAM: 5′-NGG-3′. No GFP. For in vitro cleavage assays, biochemical studies, and RNP delivery without NLS. Use K130 for NLS-tagged spCas9. Store at −20°C.

Cas Type

Cas Origin

Cas Protein Marker

Concentration

Format General

Storage Buffer

Storage Condition

Caution

Cas9 Null Mutant GFP NLS Protein

K186 by Applied Biological Materials is a catalytically dead spCas9 (D10A + H840A dual null mutant) with C-terminal GFP and SV40 NLS fusions, supplied at 10 µM (47 µg / 250 pmol / 25 µL) with 10X Reaction Buffer. Use as a CRISPR negative control, for Cas9 clearance tracking by GFP fluorescence, FACS sorting of transfected cells, and CRISPRi-based reversible gene suppression. Store at &minus;20°C.

K086 by Applied Biological Materials is a catalytically dead spCas9 (D10A + H840A dual null mutant) with C-terminal GFP and SV40 NLS fusions, supplied at 1000 nM (9.5 µg / 50 pmol / 50 µL) with 10X Reaction Buffer. Small-scale unit of the dCas9-GFP-NLS protein (see K186 for high-concentration format). For CRISPR negative controls, GFP-based delivery tracking, FACS sorting, and CRISPRi gene suppression. Store at &minus;20°C.

Cas9 Null Mutant NLS Protein

K142 by Applied Biological Materials is Cas9 Null Mutant NLS Protein (dCas9-SV40 NLS) — spCas9 D10A + H840A; no endonuclease activity; sgRNA-guided DNA binding retained; SV40 NLS for nuclear import. 10 µM (1.60 mg/mL); 40 µg/250 pmol/25 µL. CRISPR negative control with nuclear localization. CRISPRi and epigenome editing. No GFP. Store at −20°C.

Cas9 Null Mutant Protein Functional Test Data

Cas9 Null Mutant Protein

K140 by Applied Biological Materials is Cas9 Null Mutant Protein (dCas9) — spCas9 with D10A + H840A mutations. No endonuclease activity; retains sgRNA-guided DNA binding. 10 µM (1.60 mg/mL); 40 µg/250 pmol/25 µL; 10× Buffer. CRISPR negative control, CRISPRi, and epigenome editing. No NLS, no GFP. Store at −20°C.

<h2 dir="ltr">What Are Lentiviral Control &amp; Reporter Constructs?</h2>
 Rigorous experimental design requires matched controls that enter the same delivery workflow as the test construct. Lentiviral control and reporter constructs use the same vector backbones, promoters, and packaging systems as experimental vectors &mdash; ensuring observed differences between treated and control cells reflect genuine biological effects rather than artefacts of the delivery process.
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<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
&nbsp;
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><a href="https://mbpinc.net/reagents/dna/cloning-services-products/lentivirus/over-expression/control/reporter/luciferase-reporter">Luciferase Reporters: </a>for reliable assay validation using selective promoter-specific vectors, fluorescent reporters, dual-reporter systems, and background control</li>
<li data-section-id="644n3l" data-start="108" data-end="253">Fluorescent Reporter Controls: GFP and RFP lentiviral vectors and viruses for monitoring transduction efficiency and transgene expression.</li>
<li data-section-id="19809zr" data-start="255" data-end="399">Blank Control Vectors &amp; Viruses: Empty lentiviral backbones for negative controls, promoter evaluation, and custom construct development.</li>
<li data-section-id="112pumm" data-start="401" data-end="569">Promoter &amp; UTR Reporter Systems:&nbsp; Reporter vectors designed for promoter activity and regulatory element analysis, including promoter and 5&prime; UTR reporter formats.</li>
<li data-section-id="1j5a9h3" data-start="571" data-end="736">Selectable Marker Controls: Control constructs with puromycin, neomycin, hygromycin, and blasticidin resistance markers for selection and workflow validation.</li>
</ul>
<h2 dir="ltr"> How to Choose Control &amp; Reporter Constructs</h2>
 Control Type Needed Empty vector controls carry only the selection marker (puromycin, blasticidin, or hygromycin resistance) without a gene of interest, providing the baseline reference for overexpression or knockdown experiments. Fluorescent Reporter Channel GFP and RFP lentiviral reporters allow real-time monitoring of transduction efficiency by flow cytometry or fluorescence microscopy, matching the experimental construct's promoter for an accurate expected-expression reference. Luciferase Reporter Pairing Firefly luciferase (P. pyralis) and Renilla luciferase (R. reniformis) are the two most commonly paired reporters; because they use different substrates (D-luciferin and coelenterazine, respectively), both signals can be measured sequentially from the same sample. Promoter-less Baseline A promoter-less dual luciferase control vector provides a no-promoter baseline against which promoter-driven reporter constructs are normalised &mdash; useful for establishing background signal levels. Vector Backbone Matching Using a matched vector backbone ensures observed differences between experimental and control cells are due to the transgene, not differences in vector, promoter strength, integration preference, or selection marker. 
<h2 dir="ltr"> Specifications Context</h2>
 Because lentiviral integration is heritable, transduced cells maintain stable reporter gene expression across cell divisions &mdash; stable luciferase or GFP reporter cell lines generated this way are widely used in drug screening, pathway activation assays, and long-term in vivo imaging. Through ABM, MBP can supply promoter-reporter lentiviral constructs covering human and mouse promoters, driving firefly luciferase or GFP expression, as plasmid DNA or pre-packaged particles. Both plasmid and pre-packaged formats are available for immediate dispatch, with institutional account pricing available for core facilities. Core facilities managing reporter constructs across multiple research groups often standardise on a small set of validated control vectors to simplify inventory and ensure consistency across projects.&nbsp; 
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<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team</a> at MBP today to get high-quality lentiviral control/reporters for your lab.

Control/Reporter

Selection-Drug Killing Curve

Lentivector Packaging Protocol

Lentivirus Infection Protocol

Lentiviral Vector Amplification Protocol

AAV Infection Guideline

AAV Packaging Protocol

CD Lentiviral Vector

LV678 by Applied Biological Materials is a third-generation lentiviral transfer vector (10 µg) for stable CD surface antigen expression in mammalian cells. Package with VSV-G lentiviral packaging system for broad-tropism lentiviral transduction of dividing and non-dividing target cells including primary immune cells. Shipped on Ice Pack; store at &minus;20°C.

Vector Map

Note

CD Lentiviral Virus

LV679 by Applied Biological Materials is a pre-packaged cytosine deaminase (CD) lentiviral virus. Supplied at 107 IU/mL as 3 × 250 µL. For CD/5-FC suicide gene therapy research and GDEPT cancer models. 5-FC prodrug converted to cytotoxic 5-FU. Store at −80°C; shipped on dry ice.

Titer

<h2 data-section-id="3d1466" data-start="0" data-end="47">What are cell culture buffers and solutions?</h2>
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Cell culture buffers and balanced salt solutions are isotonic solutions used to wash, dilute, transport, and temporarily maintain cells outside of complete growth media. Unlike culture media, these solutions do not contain the nutrients and growth factors required for cell proliferation. Instead, their primary role is to maintain physiological pH and osmotic balance while protecting cells from stress during handling and experimental procedures.
The most commonly used cell culture buffers include PBS (Phosphate-Buffered Saline), DPBS (Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline), HBSS (Hank's Balanced Salt Solution), and EBSS (Earle's Balanced Salt Solution). These solutions are widely used in cell washing, passaging, tissue dissociation, sample preparation, immunoassays, and short-term cell maintenance.
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<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
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<ul>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Standard Isotonic Buffers to wash cells, maintain osmotic balance, and dilute reagents.</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Biological Buffering Agents for metabolic support and pH maintenance.</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Cell Dissociation &amp; Neutralizing Reagents maintain high cell viability and are used for cell recovery, detachment, and passaging</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Surface Coating &amp; Matrix Solutions with high-grade gelatin for improved cell attachment.</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Insulin-Transferrin-Selenite (ITS), Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA), and high-purity Holo-Transferrin for enhanced cell growth and viability</li>
</ul>
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<h2 data-section-id="1cuz7jf" data-start="1165" data-end="1216">How to choose cell culture buffers and solutions</h2>
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PBS vs. DPBS PBS is a simple sodium chloride/phosphate buffer solution. DPBS adds potassium chloride and may include calcium, magnesium, glucose, and pyruvate depending on formulation. The practical difference between PBS and DPBS formulations is minimal &mdash; both maintain pH 7.2-7.4 and osmolality ~280-315 mOsm/kg and are functionally interchangeable for standard washing, immunoassay, and sample preparation applications. If your protocol is sensitive to minor salt concentration differences, compare specific formulation sheets rather than assuming equivalence. &nbsp; Calcium/magnesium-free vs. calcium/magnesium-containing Calcium and magnesium facilitate cell-cell and cell-surface adhesion. Calcium/magnesium-free PBS, DPBS, or HBSS is required: before enzymatic dissociation (residual Ca/Mg inhibits trypsin, requiring more enzyme and harsher conditions &mdash; the most common cause of poor trypsinization results), for rinsing EDTA or other chelators from culture, and for minimizing cell-cell aggregation during gentle dissociation or suspension recovery. Calcium/magnesium-containing formulations support cell binding and clumping, useful for transport applications or attachment-dependent procedures. &nbsp; HBSS/EBSS vs. PBS/DPBS for short-term maintenance HBSS and EBSS include sodium bicarbonate buffering and may include glucose, providing meaningfully better short-term physiological support for cells &mdash; particularly under CO₂ atmosphere &mdash; than the simpler PBS/DPBS formulations. Use HBSS/EBSS when cells need to remain viable for a meaningful period outside complete growth media (tissue dissociation workflows, transport, short-term holding). Use PBS/DPBS for washing steps, immunoassay/Western blot dilutions, and sample preparation where osmotic balance &mdash; not metabolic support &mdash; is the requirement. &nbsp; Phenol red and glucose/pyruvate variants DPBS and HBSS are available with or without phenol red and with or without glucose/pyruvate, allowing matching to downstream applications (phenol red-free for fluorescence work; glucose/pyruvate-containing for short-term metabolic support). &nbsp; Endotoxin and quality testing Regular quality testing of balanced salt solutions includes osmolality, pH, stability, and screening for endotoxins and bacterial/fungal contamination. For immune cell handling and other endotoxin-sensitive applications, premium formulations document endotoxin levels below 0.005 EU/mL &mdash; a meaningfully tighter specification than standard research-grade buffers. &nbsp; Powder vs. liquid format Powdered balanced salt solutions are manufactured without sodium (to avoid sodium bicarbonate off-gassing during storage), requiring sodium bicarbonate addition, pH adjustment, and sterile filtration at time of preparation &mdash; following the same principle as powdered classic media.Specifications context
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<h2>Specifications context</h2>
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Most balanced salt solutions are formulated to maintain physiological conditions with a pH of approximately 7.2&ndash;7.4 and osmolality ranging from about 280&ndash;315 mOsm/kg. These properties help minimize osmotic stress and maintain cell viability during handling.
Calcium- and magnesium-free DPBS remains one of the most commonly specified buffers for cell dissociation workflows because it improves the effectiveness of trypsin and other detachment enzymes. HBSS and EBSS continue to be widely used when short-term metabolic support is required outside complete growth media.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team</a> at MBP today to get high-purity buffers and solutions for your lab.

Buffers & Solutions

Buffers/Salts

CHIR99021

CHIR99021 G611 — selective GSK-3β inhibitor, ≥99% purity (NMR &amp; MS verified), 10 mM in DMSO (~430 µl), 2.0 mg. MW 465 g/mol, C₂₂H₁₈Cl₂N₈. For stem cell reprogramming, Wnt/β-catenin activation, and directed differentiation. Stable 2 years. Store −20 °C. RUO.

Purity

Shipping condition

<h2 data-section-id="1go10h8" data-start="173" data-end="215">What are classic cell culture media?</h2>
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Classic cell culture media refers to the foundational basal medium formulations that have underpinned mammalian cell culture since the mid-20th century: DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium), MEM (Minimum Essential Medium), RPMI 1640, Ham's Nutrient Mixtures F-10 and F-12, IMDM (Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium), and the combination formulation DMEM/F-12. Each is manufactured according to its originally published formula, with modifications limited to those necessary for consistent performance and stability of the medium over its shelf life. These media supply the amino acids, vitamins, glucose, salts, and (in most formulations) phenol red pH indicator that form the nutritional backbone of essentially all subsequent specialty, serum-free, and Advanced media derivatives.
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<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
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<ul>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Selective Mammalian Antibiotics including Puromycin, Geneticin, and Hygromycin B for stable development of cell lines.</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Broad-Spectrum Bactericidal Agents for routine contamination prevention, including Penicillin/Streptomycin and Gentamicin&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Prokaryotic Selection Reagents for effective bacterial transformation, including Ampicillin, Kanamycin, Chloramphenicol, and Tetracycline&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Antifungal and Antimycotic Solutions to maintain sterile cultures, including combined 100X cocktails and Amphotericin B (Fungizone)&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Specialized Small Molecules for targeted biochemical assays, including Ganciclovir, Rapamycin, and Actinomycin D&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
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<h2 data-section-id="1mfajxk" data-start="1218" data-end="1252">How to choose a classic medium</h2>
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DMEM vs MEM
DMEM contains up to four times the amino acid and vitamin concentration of original Eagle's MEM, along with higher glucose levels, making it suitable for cell types with elevated nutrient demands &mdash; DMEM is broadly applicable across mammalian, insect, and plant cell phenotypes including primary cells, stem cells, and transformed lines. MEM remains widely used for monolayer culture of many standard cell types, with optional Hanks' or Earle's salt formulations and a calcium-free modification that permits suspension growth.
RPMI 1640 for suspension and hematopoietic culture
RPMI 1640, developed at the Roswell Park Memorial Institute for culturing human leukemic cells, is optimized for non-adherent cell types &mdash; lymphocytes and other blood cells &mdash; and contains glutathione plus higher biotin, B12, and PABA concentrations than DMEM or MEM. Despite its hematopoietic origin, RPMI 1640 supports a broad range of adherent lines (HeLa, T47D, RENCA, CT26.WT) when properly supplemented.
Ham's F-10/F-12 for CHO and specialized applications
Ham's nutrient mixtures were originally developed for CHO cell clones, HeLa cells, and mouse L-cells, and remain suited to hepatocyte culture, viral fusion experiments, and toxicity assays, with formulations available for use with or without serum. Coon's modification of Ham's F-12 roughly doubles the amino acid and pyruvate content and adds ascorbic acid, developed specifically for hybrid cells produced by viral fusion.
DMEM/F-12 for complex, rich-medium applications
DMEM/F-12 (1:1 mixture) combines DMEM's glucose, amino acid, and vitamin richness with Ham's F-12's zinc, putrescine, hypoxanthine, and thymidine, producing an extremely rich complex medium used for MDCK cells, glial cells, fibroblasts, and human endothelial cells &mdash; and serving as the basal medium for many serum-free Advanced formulations used in organoid and stem cell work.
IMDM for high-density rapid proliferation
IMDM further enriches DMEM with additional amino acids and vitamins, substituting potassium nitrate for ferric nitrate and adding HEPES and sodium pyruvate. IMDM's sodium bicarbonate buffer system (5&ndash;10% CO₂) and enriched composition make it well suited for rapidly proliferating, high-density cultures including Jurkat, COS-7, and macrophage cells.
Liquid vs. powder format
Liquid classic media are ready to use (after appropriate FBS and supplement addition) and include sodium bicarbonate in the formulation. Powdered media are manufactured without sodium bicarbonate, since it tends to off-gas in powder form &mdash; 3.7 g/L sodium bicarbonate must be added upon reconstitution, followed by sterile filtration. Powder formats offer cost and shipping-weight advantages for high-volume labs preparing their own media.
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<h2 data-section-id="17i0pj" data-start="5035" data-end="5061">Specifications context</h2>
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Classic media are manufactured according to originally published formulas, with stability-related modifications documented per product. DMEM's sodium bicarbonate buffer system at 3.7 g/L is standard across liquid formulations; powdered formats require this addition upon reconstitution along with 0.22 &micro;m sterile filtration. As of 2026, DMEM, DMEM/F-12, and RPMI 1640 remain the three most widely specified classic media across academic and biomanufacturing labs, with IMDM increasingly used for high-density suspension applications in bioprocessing.
For recombinant growth factors and cytokines used alongside classic media, see Recombinant Proteins. For supplementation reagents (GlutaMAX, NEAA, sodium pyruvate, HEPES), see Cell Culture Supplements &amp; Additives. Browse Mammalian Cell Culture for the broader category.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team </a>at MBP to get highly efficient microbial control solutions for your lab.

Antibiotics

Chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol G055 — 50 g powder, broad-spectrum bacteriostatic antibiotic targeting the 50S ribosomal subunit. For cat-gene plasmid selection (25–50 µg/ml) and plasmid copy number amplification (150–300 µg/ml) in E. coli. Dissolve in ethanol. Working concentration determined by end user. Store −20 °C, protect from light, up to 1 year.

Recommended Protocol

<h2>What are Small RNA Extraction Kits?</h2>
&nbsp;
Small RNA extraction kits selectively enrich RNA molecules shorter than 200 nucleotides - microRNA (miRNA, 18-22 nt), siRNA, snoRNA, tRNA, and 5S rRNA - from mammalian cells, tissue, blood, plant material, and bacteria, using a two-column silica-membrane size-separation workflow. Large RNA species (mRNA, 18S and 28S rRNA, pri-miRNA) bind to the first column and are discarded or collected separately; the small RNA-containing flow-through is bound to a second column under higher ethanol conditions, washed, and eluted in 20-50 ul of RNase-free water. This size-based depletion raises the fractional abundance of low-abundance miRNAs, improving sensitivity in RT-qPCR and microarray assays by 10-100-fold compared to analyzing the same miRNAs in a total RNA background. Choose a small RNA enrichment kit when your assay quantifies individual miRNAs, constructs miRNA-seq libraries, or requires the detection of low-abundance regulatory RNAs that are masked in total RNA fractions.
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<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
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<ul>
<li data-section-id="loofp3" data-start="25" data-end="157">ABM's circRNA Isolation Kit for enrichment of circular RNA from total RNA samples through selective removal of linear RNA species.</li>
<li data-section-id="evisf7" data-start="158" data-end="273">Enzymatic circRNA purification workflows utilizing Poly(A) Polymerase and RNase R to improve circular RNA purity.</li>
<li data-section-id="11h421y" data-start="274" data-end="396">Solutions designed to deplete linear transcripts while preserving intact circular RNA molecules for downstream analysis.</li>
<li data-section-id="1qzlekt" data-start="397" data-end="520">RNA enrichment technologies that support circRNA expression profiling, biomarker discovery, and transcriptomics research.</li>
<li data-section-id="qptoyi" data-start="521" data-end="637">High-purity circRNA isolation products suitable for sequencing, RT-qPCR, and other molecular biology applications.</li>
<li data-section-id="1qsfh1t" data-start="638" data-end="746" data-is-last-node="">Streamlined purification methods that enhance recovery of circular RNA fractions from complex RNA samples.</li>
</ul>
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<h2>How to Choose a Small RNA Extraction Kit</h2>
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Two-Column Size Selection vs. Total RNA with Small RNA Retention
Two-column kits (Thermo Fisher PureLink miRNA) deplete large RNA and enrich for &lt;200 nt species, maximizing miRNA sensitivity. Total RNA kits that retain small RNAs &gt;=17 nt (e.g., Zymo Direct-zol kits) keep all RNA sizes together; they are appropriate for RNA-seq libraries capturing the full transcriptome but are not size-enriched. Choose the two-column approach for miRNA expression profiling and small RNA sequencing.
Simultaneous Large RNA Collection
Kits that collect large RNA on the first column and small RNA on the second allow paired mRNA and miRNA analysis from a single extraction, which is valuable for samples that are limited in quantity. Kits that discard the first column are simpler but sacrifice large RNA recovery.
Sample Input Compatibility
Standard small RNA kits are optimized for 10^4-10^7 cultured mammalian cells or up to 30 mg tissue. For circulating miRNA from plasma or serum, use plasma/serum-specific small RNA kits formulated for low-abundance cell-free RNA matrices; standard cell/tissue kits underperform on cell-free fluids due to insufficient lysis and binding conditions.
Elution Volume
Eluting in 20-25 ul maximizes small RNA concentration for RT-qPCR assays using 1-2 ul input per reaction. For microarray hybridization requiring &gt;=200 ng small RNA per chip, use 30-50 ul elution and pool extractions from multiple samples if needed.
Organic vs. Column-Only Lysis
Column-only kits with guanidinium lysis buffers (phenol-free) are the simplest workflow. For difficult samples (fibrous tissue, polysaccharide-rich plant material), upstream organic lysis with TRIzol followed by column-based small RNA enrichment improves total yield.
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<h2>Specifications Context</h2>
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Typical benchmarks from two-column small RNA enrichment kits: total small RNA yield of 100-500 ng from 1x10^6 mammalian cells, miRNA fraction of 1-25 ng per extraction, A260/A280 &gt;= 1.8, and RT-qPCR quantification of reference miRNAs (miR-21, miR-16) within 2 Ct of established reference values. Small RNA extraction kits are essential tools in cancer biomarker research - circulating miRNAs such as miR-21, miR-155, and miR-210 are under active investigation as liquid biopsy markers at institutions including MD Anderson Cancer Center and Vanderbilt University. Store extracted small RNA at -80 &deg;C in single-use aliquots; small RNAs are particularly susceptible to freeze-thaw degradation due to their short length and low per-molecule mass.
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Small RNA

circRNA Isolation Kit

G4001 by Applied Biological Materials is the circRNA Isolation Kit (25 reactions) for enrichment of circular RNA from total RNA by sequential Poly(A) Polymerase polyadenylation of linear RNAs followed by RNase R exonuclease digestion. circRNAs are RNase R-resistant and are recovered by RNA Purification Magnetic Beads. For circRNA-seq, back-splice junction RT-qPCR, and circRNA biology research. Magnetic separation rack required (not included).

Application

CMV Promoter Reporter Lentiviral Vector (GFP)

LV656 by Applied Biological Materials is a CMV Promoter Reporter Lentiviral Vector with a GFP readout. CMV promoter driving GFP; lentiviral stable integration for long-term promoter activity monitoring. GFP counterpart to LV655 (Luciferase). Pre-packaged CMV-GFP virus: LV008. Requires packaging. Store at −20°C or below.