Epigenetics

<h2>What are ELISA kits for methylation in this category?</h2>
&nbsp;
ELISA kits for DNA and RNA methylation in this category are antibody-based assays that quantify the global level of a specific epigenetic mark, most commonly 5-methylcytosine in genomic DNA, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in genomic DNA, or N6-methyladenosine in RNA, using a plate-based immunoassay format without requiring bisulfite conversion or sequencing. Denatured, single-stranded DNA or RNA from a sample is coated on a plate well, and a mark-specific primary antibody followed by an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody generates a colorimetric signal proportional to the level of the target modification.
&nbsp;
<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
&nbsp;
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">5-mC DNA ELISA kits for quantitative analysis of DNA methylation&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">DNA controls for validation and calibration of the assay to ensure experimental&nbsp; reproducibility and accuracy&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Secondary antibody reagents for specific signal generation and detection in ELISA assays</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Coating buffers for consistent assay performance and optimized plate preparation&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>How to choose methylation ELISA kits and reagents</h2>
&nbsp;
Match your kit to the specific epigenetic mark you're quantifying
Different kits use antibodies against specific modifications: 5-methylcytosine ELISA kits quantify global DNA methylation, 5-hmC ELISA kits quantify global hydroxymethylation, and m6A ELISA kits quantify RNA N6-methyladenosine. Using a kit with the wrong antibody specificity will not report the mark you intend to measure.
Use methylation standards to build a calibration curve for quantitative results
Running a series of methylation standards with defined percentages alongside your samples allows the absorbance readout to be converted to a specific, meaningful methylation percentage, since the raw ELISA signal alone cannot be interpreted as absolute methylation level without a calibration.
Understand that ELISA measures global levels, not locus-specific methylation
A methylation ELISA gives the overall average percentage of methylation across the genome in a sample, which is useful for comparing broad methylation changes between conditions but cannot identify which specific genes or regions are differentially methylated the way bisulfite sequencing can.
Confirm the required DNA denaturation step is appropriate for your sample type
ELISA kits for DNA methylation typically require single-stranded, denatured DNA coated directly on the plate, and confirming this denaturation step is properly performed is necessary for consistent antibody binding and reproducible signal across wells.
Be aware of cross-reactivity with similar modifications when interpreting results
An antibody against 5-methylcytosine may have some cross-reactivity with 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and confirming the antibody's published cross-reactivity data helps interpret whether your signal specifically reflects 5-mC, 5-hmC, or both, which matters for studies in cell types where 5-hmC is abundant.
&nbsp;
<h2>Specifications context</h2>
&nbsp;
The 5-methylcytosine ELISA workflow uses an indirect ELISA methodology where denatured, single-stranded DNA samples are coated directly on the plate well surfaces and a 5-mC monoclonal antibody and an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody are added sequentially, generating a colorimetric signal proportional to the total level of methylated cytosine in the sample. As of 2026, methylation ELISA kits are particularly valued for high-throughput screening studies comparing global methylation levels across many treatment conditions or patient groups where single-base-resolution data is not the primary goal.
This category sits within DNA/RNA Methylation, alongside Methylation Standards for calibration, and is related to DNA Hydroxymethylation and Non-Bisulfite Kits &amp; Reagents for higher-resolution methylation analysis. See the full reagents catalog and use Quick Order for recurring orders.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team of&nbsp; Molecular Biology Products Inc. (MBP)</a> to get high-quality ELISA Kits and Reagents for your lab.

ELISA Kits & Reagents

DataSheet

MSDS

Protocol

5-mC DNA ELISA Kit (96 Preps.)

The 5-mC DNA ELISA Kit (D5325) by Zymo Research quantifies global 5-methylcytosine content in 96 samples using a colorimetric anti-5-mC antibody assay (Clone 7D21) with ≥0.5% detection sensitivity, a 7-point standard curve, and a total assay time under 3 hours.

Detection

Equipment

Input

Sample Source

Manufacturer

Shipping Condition

Storage Condition

<h2>What are ChIP buffers?</h2>
&nbsp;
ChIP buffers are the aqueous formulations used at each stage of a chromatin immunoprecipitation protocol: cell lysis buffer disrupts the plasma membrane and releases nuclear content, nuclear lysis buffer solubilizes chromatin under conditions compatible with subsequent immunoprecipitation, sonication buffer maintains chromatin stability during shearing, ChIP dilution buffer reduces SDS concentration from the lysis buffer to allow antibody-antigen binding, sequential wash buffers with increasing ionic strength and detergent remove non-specifically bound chromatin while preserving the specific antibody-antigen-DNA complex, and elution buffer releases the captured complex from the antibody-bead resin before de-crosslinking.
&nbsp;
<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
&nbsp;
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">MN Digestion Buffer used in MNase-based workflows for enzymatic fragmentation of&nbsp; chromatin&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Chromatin Shearing Buffer using sonification for chromatin disruption and preparation</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">5X MN Stop Buffer for the termination of enzymatic digestion reactions</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Chromatin Dilution Buffer used in ChIP assays to provide optimized conditions for antibody binding&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Chromatin Wash Buffer I, II, and III for background reduction and step-by-step non-specific binding removal&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">ChIP DNA Binding Buffer for purification and capture of immunoprecipitated DNA</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">5X Chromatin Elution Buffer for protein&ndash;DNA complexes recovery</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">5M NaCl for enhancing elution and chromatin stabilization</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Nuclei Prep Buffer used before chromatin extraction for superior nuclear isolation</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>How to use ChIP buffers</h2>
&nbsp;
Always add protease inhibitors to lysis and wash buffers immediately before use
Protease inhibitors must be added fresh to cell lysis and nuclear lysis buffers immediately before use, since most inhibitors are unstable in aqueous solution and lose activity quickly, and without them, nuclear proteases released during lysis will degrade histone tails and reduce ChIP enrichment of histone modifications.
Confirm SDS concentration is diluted before immunoprecipitation
High SDS in the nuclear lysis buffer is necessary for chromatin solubilization and sonication, but must be diluted approximately 10-fold using ChIP dilution buffer before antibody addition, since high SDS disrupts antibody-antigen binding and reduces immunoprecipitation efficiency.
Keep all buffers and chromatin on ice throughout the workflow after lysis
Chromatin prepared for ChIP is sensitive to non-specific interactions and protease activity after cell lysis, and maintaining samples at 4&deg;C throughout all lysis, sonication, immunoprecipitation, and wash steps minimizes these effects and preserves specificity of the enrichment.
Optimize wash buffer stringency to balance specificity against yield
ChIP wash buffers are applied sequentially at increasing ionic strength and detergent concentration to remove non-specifically bound chromatin; conditions too stringent can also strip the specific antibody-antigen-DNA complex from the beads, reducing yield, so optimization of wash conditions for each antibody-target combination improves performance.
Confirm elution buffer composition fits your downstream application
Standard ChIP elution buffers containing SDS and sodium bicarbonate release the protein-DNA complex and reverse crosslinks, but high SDS in the eluate can inhibit some NGS library preparation enzymes, making a DNA cleanup step after elution important before proceeding to library prep.
&nbsp;
<h2>Specifications context</h2>
&nbsp;
Protease inhibitor cocktails, added fresh to lysis buffers immediately before ChIP, are a standard component across kit formats and in-house protocols, since even brief protease activity can compromise histone modification detection by degrading the histone tails that ChIP antibodies recognize. As of 2026, ChIP buffer formulations compatible with low-input chromatin and NGS library preparation continue to be optimized for primary cell and tissue ChIP workflows.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team </a>at MBP and request a quote today to get high-quality ChIP buffers for your lab.

Buffers

5M NaCl (1 ml)

D5210-7-1 by Zymo Research is 5&nbsp;M NaCl solution, 1&nbsp;ml, a component of the Zymo-Spin ChIP Kit (D5210). Used in high-salt wash steps during chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) protocols. Available separately for component replenishment.

5X Chromatin Elution Buffer (10 ml)

D5210-6-10 by Zymo Research is a 5× concentrated Chromatin Elution Buffer (10 mL) used for sample processing in chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays performed with the Zymo-Spin ChIP Kit.

5X MN Stop Buffer (6 ml)

D5220-4 by Zymo Research is the 5X MN Stop Buffer (6 ml), used with the EZ Nucleosomal DNA Prep Kit to terminate micrococcal nuclease digestion and preserve nucleosomal DNA fragment length for ChIP-seq, ATAC-seq, and related chromatin analysis workflows. Ordered as a standalone replacement when this buffer component is depleted.

<h2>What is DNA/RNA Methylation as a reagent category?</h2>
&nbsp;
DNA/RNA Methylation covers the detection and quantification side of epigenetics: the reagents used to identify which cytosines in a DNA sample are methylated, distinguish 5-methylcytosine from 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and detect RNA methylation marks like N6-methyladenosine (m6A). Methods range from bisulfite conversion, the historically standard approach for single-base-resolution cytosine methylation mapping, to enzymatic conversion as a less damaging alternative, to antibody-based immunoprecipitation for broad-scale enrichment of methylated DNA regions, to direct ELISA-based quantification of global methylation levels.
&nbsp;
<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
&nbsp;
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;" aria-level="1">
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/reagents/epigenetics/dna/rna-methylation/methylation-standards">DNA methylation standards:</a> for accurate quantitative analysis and calibration of methylation levels
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;" aria-level="1">
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/reagents/epigenetics/dna/rna-methylation/bisulfite-conversion-kits">Bisulfite conversion kits: </a>for efficient conversion of unmethylated cytosines in DNA methylation studies
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;" aria-level="1">
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/reagents/epigenetics/dna/rna-methylation/bisulfite-conversion-reagents-and-buffers">Bisulfite Conversion Reagents and Buffers: </a>for enhanced processing of DNA and flexible workflows
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;" aria-level="1">
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/reagents/epigenetics/dna/rna-methylation/non-bisulfite-kits-and-reagents">Non-Bisulfite Kits and Reagents: </a>for alternative epigenetic profiling and methylation analysis methods
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;" aria-level="1">
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/reagents/epigenetics/dna/rna-methylation/elisa-kits-and-reagents" style="color: #236fa1;">ELISA Kits and Reagents:</a> for quantifying sensitive DNA/RNA methylation levels
</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>How to choose DNA/RNA methylation analysis reagents</h2>
&nbsp;
Choose bisulfite conversion for single-base-resolution cytosine methylation mapping
Bisulfite conversion converts unmethylated cytosines to uracil while leaving 5-methylcytosine largely unchanged under standard conditions, and after amplification and sequencing, the resulting base-pair difference reveals exactly which cytosines were methylated, making it the approach for single-base-resolution mapping but one that introduces significant DNA damage and degradation.
Consider enzymatic conversion as a less damaging alternative to bisulfite treatment
Enzymatic conversion methods achieve the same cytosine-to-uracil discrimination as bisulfite but through enzymatic rather than harsh chemical reactions, minimizing DNA damage and producing higher-quality libraries from fewer sequencing reads, at potentially higher reagent cost.
Use antibody-based MeDIP for broad methylation enrichment without locus-by-locus resolution
Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation uses an antibody against 5-methylcytosine or 5-hydroxymethylcytosine to enrich methylated DNA regions from a fragmented sample, providing genome-wide enrichment data without the single-base resolution of bisulfite sequencing.
Confirm your method can distinguish 5-mC from 5-hmC if that difference matters for your study
Standard bisulfite conversion cannot reliably distinguish 5-methylcytosine from 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, since both resist bisulfite-mediated deamination under standard conditions, so confirming whether your study requires that distinction helps determine whether a specialized additional step is needed.
Choose ELISA-based kits for rapid, global methylation quantification without sequencing
A 5-methylcytosine ELISA kit provides a rapid, quantitative readout of the global level of DNA methylation in a sample without requiring bisulfite conversion or sequencing, useful for broad-level comparisons across multiple conditions or samples when single-base resolution isn't needed.
&nbsp;
<h2>Specifications context</h2>
&nbsp;
Bisulfite sequencing is widely regarded as the gold standard for DNA methylation analysis due to its single-base resolution, but it introduces significant technical challenges for amplification and next-generation sequencing library preparation due to DNA degradation, reduced genome complexity, and alignment complexity from the cytosine-to-uracil base conversion. As of 2026, enzymatic conversion is increasingly recommended over bisulfite conversion for methylation analysis specifically because it minimizes these DNA damage and quality issues, enabling improved preservation and detection of cytosine methylation marks from fewer sequencing reads with no change to downstream analysis pipelines.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team at Molecular Biology Products Inc. (MBP)</a> today and get reliable DNA/RNA methylation kits for your lab.

DNA/RNA Methylation

Anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Polyclonal Antibody

A4001-ZYM by Zymo Research — Anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Polyclonal Antibody, rabbit IgG, 1 mg/ml in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide. Validated for hmeDIP, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and dot blot detection of 5-hmC in DNA from mammalian, plant, insect, and microbial sources. Available in 25, 50, and 200 µg sizes.

Buffer Solution

Isotype

Protein Concentration

Source

Specificity

Storage

Anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Polyclonal Antibody (1 µg/µl) (200 µg)

Anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Polyclonal Antibody (1 µg/µl) (25 µg)

Anti-5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Polyclonal Antibody (1 µg/µl) (50 µg)

Anti-5-Methylcytosine (Clone 7D21) (0.5 µg/µl)

A3002-ZYM by Zymo Research — Anti-5-Methylcytosine Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 7D21), mouse IgG1, 0.5 µg/µl in PBS with 0.05% sodium azide. Validated for MeDIP, ELISA, and dot blot; specific for 5-mC in single-stranded DNA with no detectable cross-reactivity to 5-hmC or unmodified cytosine. Available in 15–200 µl sizes.

Clone

Anti-5-Methylcytosine (Clone 7D21) (0.5 µg/µl) (15 µl)

Anti-5-Methylcytosine (Clone 7D21) (0.5 µg/µl) (200 µl)

Anti-5-Methylcytosine (Clone 7D21) (0.5 µg/µl) (30 µl)

Anti-5-Methylcytosine (Clone 7D21) (0.5 µg/µl) (50 µl)

<h2>What are 5-hmC ELISA kits?</h2>
&nbsp;
5-hmC ELISA kits are antibody-based assays formulated specifically to quantify 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, the oxidized derivative of 5-methylcytosine produced by TET family enzymes, in a genomic DNA sample. The assay typically uses denatured single-stranded DNA coated on a plate well, recognized by an anti-5-hmC primary antibody and developed with an HRP-conjugated secondary antibody for a colorimetric readout proportional to the global level of 5-hmC in the sample.
&nbsp;
<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
&nbsp;
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">DNA hydroxymethylation ELISA assay kits for 5-hmC levels quantification</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">DNA methylation ELISA kits for comparative gene regulation analysis and measurement of 5-mC&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">DNA standards for accurate methylation and hydroxymethylation quantification&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Control DNA sets and assay controls for experimental accuracy, validation, and reproducibility</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">HRP-based antibodies for the specific detection in ELISA workflows</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">ELISA coating and reaction buffers for enhanced assay performance and setup</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Signal development reagents for quantitative readout and chemiluminescent or colorimetric detection</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>How to use 5-hmC ELISA kits</h2>
&nbsp;
Confirm 5-hmC is detectable at relevant levels in your cell type or tissue
5-hmC is most abundant in neurons and embryonic stem cells, where it can constitute up to 20% of total modified cytosines in neuronal DNA, while most cultured cell lines have much lower 5-hmC levels that may fall below a plate-based antibody assay's reliable detection limit. Checking published 5-hmC abundance for your specific cell type helps confirm whether ELISA-level detection is appropriate before committing samples to the assay.
Use a set of mixed methylation standards to build a calibration curve
Running defined mixtures of 5-hmC-containing and unmethylated DNA at known ratios generates a standard curve that lets you convert the raw absorbance signal to an actual global hydroxymethylation percentage, since the assay signal alone cannot be interpreted as an absolute level without this calibration.
Confirm your antibody's specificity for 5-hmC versus 5-mC
Anti-5-hmC antibodies used in these kits are selected for specificity to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine rather than 5-methylcytosine, but published cross-reactivity data for the specific antibody in your kit is worth checking, particularly when studying sample types where both marks are present at similar levels.
Plan your experimental design to include appropriate negative and positive controls
Including a negative control (unmethylated DNA, expected to give background-level signal) and a positive control (5-hmC-containing DNA of known level) in every plate confirms the assay is performing as expected and catches plate-to-plate variability before it affects result interpretation.
Understand ELISA gives global level, not locus-specific 5-hmC information
A 5-hmC ELISA measures the average hydroxymethylation level across all DNA in the sample; it does not reveal which specific CpG sites carry 5-hmC, which requires hMeDIP-seq or TAB-seq for regional or base-level resolution respectively.
&nbsp;
<h2>Specifications context</h2>
&nbsp;
Anti-5-hmC antibodies used in ELISA formats are validated specifically for 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and selected for minimal cross-reactivity with 5-methylcytosine, since distinguishing these two modifications is the primary purpose of a dedicated 5-hmC assay rather than a general methylation assay. As of 2026, 5-hmC ELISA kits remain a standard first-pass tool in studies where many samples need to be screened for differences in global hydroxymethylation level before committing a smaller subset to high-resolution sequencing methods.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team</a> at Molecular Biology Products Inc. (MBP) and find reliable ELISA kits and reagents for your lab.

Anti-DNA HRP Antibody (100X)

For use with Zymo Research ELISA products

Anti-DNA HRP Antibody (100X) (100 µl)

Anti-DNA HRP Antibody (100X) (200 µl)

<h2>What are epigenetics enzymes and inhibitors?</h2>
&nbsp;
Epigenetics enzymes and inhibitors are the molecular tools for directly studying or modulating the enzymatic machinery that writes, erases, or reads epigenetic marks. The major classes include: DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B), which catalyze the addition of a methyl group to cytosine; TET family enzymes (TET1, TET2, TET3), which oxidize 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine; histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs), which add and remove acetyl groups from histone lysine residues; and histone methyltransferases (HMTs) including EZH2, DOT1L, and G9a. Small-molecule inhibitors of HDAC and DNMT enzymes are the most clinically and experimentally advanced of these tools.
&nbsp;
<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
&nbsp;
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Micrococcal nuclease for nucleosome mapping and controlled chromatin digestion applications</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">DNA shearing enzymes for consistent fragmentation of DNA in sequencing and epigenetic workflows</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">DNA degradation enzymes for controlled breakdown and analysis of nucleic acids&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">CpG methylase enzymes for targeted DNA methylation (CpG-specific )&nbsp; in epigenetic modification studies</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">5-hmC glucosyltransferase for detection and labeling of hydroxymethylcytosine in DNA</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">SAM (S-adenosylmethionine) cofactors for supporting enzyme activity and methylation reactions</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">DNA digestion enzymes for genomic DNA processing workflows</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">dsDNA nuclease systems for controlled cleavage and analysis of double-stranded DNA</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>How to choose epigenetics enzymes and inhibitors</h2>
&nbsp;
Choose DNMT inhibitors to globally reduce or deplete DNA methylation in cells
Nucleoside analog DNMT inhibitors like 5-azacytidine and decitabine incorporate into DNA and trap DNMT1, preventing maintenance methylation and causing passive demethylation through DNA replication, while newer non-nucleoside DNMT inhibitors are in development for more selective, non-genotoxic methylation reduction.
Choose HDAC inhibitors to globally increase histone acetylation
HDAC inhibitors including pan-HDAC hydroxamates like vorinostat (SAHA) or class-selective compounds reduce histone deacetylase activity and cause hyperacetylation of histone lysine residues, broadly promoting gene expression at silenced loci. HDAC inhibitors are the most clinically advanced class of epigenetic therapeutics, with multiple FDA-approved compounds.
Use TET enzyme preparations for in vitro 5-hmC oxidation studies
Purified TET1, TET2, or TET3 enzyme preparations allow controlled in vitro oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and further oxidation products, useful for generating defined 5-hmC-containing substrate DNA or studying TET enzyme activity and selectivity.
Choose EZH2 or other HMT inhibitors for studying PRC2-dependent gene silencing
EZH2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), catalyzes H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), a histone modification associated with repression of tumor suppressor genes, and EZH2 inhibitors like tazemetostat are used in research to probe the role of this silencing mark.
Combine inhibitors to study epistatic relationships between epigenetic marks
Because DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and histone methylation are mechanistically linked, combining HDAC inhibitors with DNMT inhibitors can produce synergistic effects on gene expression exceeding either alone, and these combination approaches are both experimental tools and the basis for combination epigenetic therapy research.
&nbsp;
<h2>Specifications context</h2>
&nbsp;
HDAC and DNMT inhibitors are the most clinically advanced classes of epigenetic therapeutics, with multiple HDAC inhibitors including vorinostat and romidepsin approved for hematological malignancies, EZH2 inhibitors including tazemetostat having received accelerated approval, and multiple BET inhibitors in clinical trials. As of 2026, CRISPR/dCas9 systems fused with DNMTs, TETs, and HDACs enable locus-specific epigenome editing, extending classic enzyme and inhibitor approaches toward targeted epigenetic modulation.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team at MBP</a> and find the suitable enzymes and inhibitory reagents for your lab.

Enzymes & Inhibitors

Atlantis Digestion Buffer (1X) (50 ml)

Atlantis Digestion Buffer (1X), SKU E2030-1 by Zymo Research — 50 mL ready-to-use companion buffer for the Atlantis dsDNase (E2030) enzyme. Used for nucleosomal DNA preparation in ChIP, ATAC-seq, and nucleosome positioning workflows. Store at −20°C; part of the EZ Nucleosomal DNA Prep Kit (D5220).

Atlantis dsDNAse (12.5 U)

E2030 by Zymo Research is Atlantis dsDNAse, 12.5&nbsp;U at 0.1&nbsp;U/&micro;l (125&nbsp;&micro;l). Selectively digests dsDNA without degrading ssDNA or RNA. Used for nucleosome mapping and ChIP-seq chromatin fragmentation. Storage: &minus;20&deg;C.

Concentration

Inactivation

Standard Reaction Time

Unit Definition

<h2>What are methylation standards?</h2>
&nbsp;
Methylation standards are defined reference DNA materials with a known and confirmed methylation status, ranging from a fully methylated DNA (where every cytosine at CpG or other sites carries a methyl group) to a fully unmethylated DNA (where no cytosines are methylated) and intermediate or mixed standards containing a defined ratio of the two. The most widely used unmethylated control in bisulfite sequencing is lambda phage DNA, which is naturally unmethylated and can be spiked into a conversion reaction to estimate conversion efficiency.
&nbsp;
<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
&nbsp;
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Methylated and non-methylated DNA control sets for comparative epigenetic analysis and assay validation</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Universal methylated DNA standards for methylation assessment workflows</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Genomic DNA reference materials: for microbial and human methylation studies</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Matched DNA sets: used in experimental models for controlled comparison of methylation status&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Bisulfite-converted DNA standards: for downstream sequencing-based methylation and PCR analysis</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Methylation spike-in controls: for sequencing normalization and high-throughput workflows</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Mouse and human DNA methylation reference sets: for specific species epigenetic studies</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Methylated DNA IP control kits for methylation assays involving immunoprecipitation</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>How to use methylation standards</h2>
&nbsp;
Spike an unmethylated control into every bisulfite or enzymatic conversion reaction
Running an unmethylated DNA like lambda phage DNA alongside your samples in the same conversion reaction estimates the conversion efficiency of that specific run, since every remaining cytosine signal after conversion should be treated as a false positive, and this rate can be quantified and accounted for in downstream analysis.
Run a fully methylated positive control to confirm methylated cytosines are preserved
A fully methylated standard, such as DNA synthesized with 5-methyl-dCTP or commercially prepared methylated genomic DNA, confirms your conversion workflow correctly preserves methylated cytosines intact rather than inadvertently converting them, which would produce false-negative methylation calls.
Use a mixed or intermediate standard to calibrate quantitative methylation assays
A standard containing a defined ratio of methylated to unmethylated DNA, or a set of standards spanning a range of methylation percentages, provides a calibration curve for quantitative methylation assays like 5-methylcytosine ELISA, validating that the assay reports the expected methylation level across its full dynamic range.
Confirm standard stability before long-term storage or lot-to-lot use
Methylation control DNA has documented stability windows, and confirming that your standard's methylation status is stable under storage conditions, and consistent across lots, is necessary for reliable longitudinal monitoring of conversion efficiency.
Use standards to monitor workflow consistency over time
Running a conversion control in every batch allows longitudinal tracking of conversion efficiency across instrument runs, reagent lots, and protocol variations, helping catch workflow drift before it affects real sample results.
&nbsp;
<h2>Specifications context</h2>
&nbsp;
Lambda phage DNA is the most commonly used unmethylated bisulfite conversion control because it is naturally unmethylated, commercially available, and well characterized, and it can be aligned to the known lambda phage reference genome after sequencing to calculate residual unconverted cytosine rates, providing a direct, interpretable measure of conversion efficiency. As of 2026, fully methylated and fully unmethylated standard sets are also used alongside enzymatic methyl-seq conversions to confirm that EM-seq's enzymatic mechanism correctly protects methylated cytosines and converts unmethylated ones, independent of the conversion chemistry used.
This category sits within DNA/RNA Methylation, alongside Bisulfite Conversion Kits, Non-Bisulfite Kits &amp; Reagents, and ELISA Kits &amp; Reagents. See the full reagents catalog and use Quick Order for recurring orders.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team of Molecular Biology Products Inc. (MBP)</a> to get high-quality methylation standards for your lab today.

Methylation Standards

Bisulfite Converted Universal Methylated Human DNA Standard

Bisulfite Converted Universal Methylated Human DNA Standard (D5015) by Zymo Research — pre-converted human brain genomic DNA with >95% CpG methylation, 20 ng/µl, 1 µg/50 µl (50 reactions). Includes MLH1 validation primers.

Sample Storage

<h2>What are bisulfite conversion reagents and buffers?</h2>
&nbsp;
Bisulfite conversion reagents include sodium bisulfite solution, denaturation and conversion buffers, and complete kits that bundle all components needed for the three-step chemical reaction: sulfonation of cytosine to a cytosine-bisulfite derivative, hydrolytic deamination to a uracil-bisulfite derivative, and alkali desulfonation to yield uracil. This process converts unmethylated cytosines to uracil while leaving 5-methylcytosine intact and unconverted, because 5-methylcytosine resists bisulfite-mediated deamination under standard conditions.
&nbsp;
<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
&nbsp;
<ul>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">RNA and DNA conversion reagents for enhanced modification of cytosine in methylation workflows</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Desulphonation buffers for stabilization of nucleic acids and post-conversion cleanup&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Binding buffers used during purification for efficient capture of converted RNA and DNA</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Wash buffers for the removal of inhibitors and improved purity of samples</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Elution buffers for high-quality recovery of converted nucleic acids</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">DNA denaturing and digestion buffers for controlled workflow and optimized conversion efficiency</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Dilution and reaction buffers for maintaining stable assay conditions</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Solubilization and dissolution buffers for sample processing and preparation&nbsp;</li>
<li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Lightning conversion reagents for efficient and rapid methylation analysis workflows</li>
</ul>
&nbsp;
<h2>How to use bisulfite conversion reagents</h2>
&nbsp;
Ensure complete DNA denaturation before conversion to avoid incomplete conversion
Bisulfite only acts on cytosines in single-stranded DNA, so complete denaturation of the input DNA is the most critical first step, since failure to fully denature can leave double-stranded regions in which cytosines are shielded from the bisulfite reagent and remain unconverted.
Understand that incomplete conversion produces false-positive methylation results
If the conversion is incomplete, unconverted unmethylated cytosines will read as cytosine after sequencing, which will be incorrectly interpreted as methylated cytosine, artificially inflating the apparent methylation level of the sample in a false-positive direction.
Optimize conversion conditions to balance completeness against DNA degradation
The harsh conditions needed for complete bisulfite conversion, including high bisulfite concentration, elevated temperature, and long incubation, also fragment and degrade DNA, and optimizing conditions that achieve high conversion while minimizing degradation is a key technical challenge in bisulfite workflows.
Include an unmethylated conversion control to estimate residual incomplete conversion
Including an unmethylated control DNA, such as lambda phage DNA, in the same conversion reaction provides a readout of how completely unmethylated cytosines were converted, helping quantify residual incomplete conversion rates and account for them in downstream analysis.
Be aware of specific challenges for FFPE and degraded DNA samples
Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue DNA is already fragmented before bisulfite treatment, and the additional fragmentation during conversion can result in poor library yields; specific modified protocols and carrier reagents can help reduce further degradation during the conversion step.
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<h2>Specifications context</h2>
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Bisulfite sequencing is widely regarded as the gold standard for DNA methylation analysis due to its high resolution and accuracy at single-base level, but it also introduces specific DNA quality challenges for downstream library preparation and sequencing, particularly for samples already of poor quality like FFPE tissue. As of 2026, enzymatic conversion is increasingly recommended as the preferred alternative to bisulfite conversion specifically because it achieves comparable discrimination between methylated and unmethylated cytosines while minimizing the DNA damage and library complexity loss that harsh bisulfite chemistry introduces.
This category sits within DNA/RNA Methylation under Epigenetics, and for a synthetic, fully methylated positive control to run through the conversion workflow, see dNTPs (Deoxynucleotide Triphosphates). See the full reagents catalog and use Quick Order for recurring orders.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team</a> at MBP and request a quote today to get high-quality bisulfite conversion reagents for your lab.

Bisulfite Conversion Reagents & Buffers

D5001-1 - MSDS

D5003-1 - MSDS

CT Conversion Reagent

D5001-1 CT Conversion Reagent by Zymo Research — 10 bisulfite conversions; &gt;99% non-methylated C conversion; &gt;99% methylated C protection; input 500&nbsp;pg&ndash;2&nbsp;&micro;g; compatible with EZ DNA Methylation kit series.

CT Conversion Reagent (1 Tube for 10 Conversions)

CT Conversion Reagent (5 x 10 Rxns.)

CT Conversion Reagent (96 Conversions) (1 Bottle)

ChIP DNA Binding Buffer

D5201-1-100 ChIP DNA Binding Buffer by Zymo Research — 100 ml; 5:1 ratio to ChIP sample; tolerates 1% SDS, 5% Triton X-100/Tween-20/Sarkosyl; Zymo-Spin I and IC column compatible; room-temp storage.