<h2 dir="ltr"> What Are Miscellaneous PCR Items?</h2>
 Miscellaneous Items groups supporting reagents used alongside core PCR enzymes, master mixes, and nucleotide components, covering essential but non-core materials required for PCR and RT-PCR workflows. This includes nuclease-free water for reaction setup and dilution, Random Primer (6N) and Oligo(dT)18 primers for cDNA synthesis, and ionic solutions such as MgCl₂, MgSO₄, NaCl, and MnCl₂ used for reaction optimisation. The category also includes certified nuclease-free water options from suppliers such as BIOLOGIX for sensitive molecular biology applications. Use this category to source essential supporting reagents that complete PCR-based experimental workflows alongside primary amplification products. 
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<h2 data-start="432" data-end="459">What you will find:</h2>
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<ul data-start="461" data-end="1220">
<li data-section-id="b5abnd" data-start="461" data-end="635">Nuclease-Free Water: DNase/RNase-free water suitable for PCR, RT-PCR, qPCR, and nucleic acid preparation workflows, including certified molecular biology-grade options.</li>
<li data-section-id="n5mfl0" data-start="636" data-end="789">Primers &amp; Oligos: Random Primer (6N) and Oligo(dT)18 formats for reverse transcription, cDNA synthesis, and related molecular biology applications.</li>
<li data-section-id="1x29qzm" data-start="790" data-end="932">Reaction Components: Molecular biology-grade MgCl₂, MgSO₄, MnCl₂, and NaCl solutions for reaction preparation and protocol optimisation.</li>
<li data-section-id="16hzrat" data-start="933" data-end="1075">Workflow Support Reagents: Essential supporting materials used alongside PCR enzymes, master mixes, and nucleic acid amplification kits.</li>
<li data-section-id="4t6tsy" data-start="1076" data-end="1220">Research-Ready Formats: Convenient reagent sizes suitable for routine academic, biotechnology, and molecular biology laboratory workflows.</li>
</ul>
<h2 dir="ltr"> How to Choose Miscellaneous PCR Items</h2>
 Gel Loading Dyes Loading dyes add density and colour to PCR products for gel electrophoresis, allowing visual tracking of sample migration. Some 2x master mixes include loading dye pre-formulated, but a separate loading dye is needed when using dye-free master mixes or individual-component PCR setups. PCR Enhancers and Additives Additives such as betaine, DMSO, or proprietary enhancer formulations can improve amplification of GC-rich or otherwise difficult templates by reducing secondary structure or improving primer annealing specificity -- useful as a troubleshooting tool when a standard reaction underperforms on a specific target. Nuclease-Free Water Grade Nuclease-free water is used for reaction dilutions, resuspending primers and probes, and as a no-template control in PCR and qPCR setups. Confirm the water is certified free of detectable RNase and DNase activity, particularly for RNA-handling workflows. PCR Tube and Plate Format PCR tubes, strips, and plates are available in formats matching common thermal cycler block configurations -- 0.2 mL individual tubes, 8-well or 12-well strips, and 96-well plates -- select the format matching your thermal cycler and throughput needs. Compatibility with Primary Reagents When ordering supporting consumables alongside primary PCR reagents, confirming tube/plate compatibility with both your thermal cycler and any downstream automation (liquid handlers, plate readers) avoids workflow bottlenecks from mismatched formats. 
<h2 dir="ltr"> Specifications Context</h2>
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Nuclease-free water used in molecular biology workflows is typically certified through DNase/RNase activity testing and supplied in formats suitable for routine PCR, RT-PCR, and nucleic acid dilution applications. Random Primer (6N) and Oligo(dT)18 primers are used in reverse transcription workflows to support cDNA synthesis from RNA templates. Ionic solutions such as MgCl₂, MgSO₄, NaCl, and MnCl₂ are used to support and optimise polymerase activity under different reaction conditions. Most items in this category are stable under standard laboratory storage conditions, with product-specific handling and storage requirements provided by the manufacturer.
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Ensure your experimental stability&mdash;<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us" style="color: #236fa1;">reach out to the MBP team</a> now for a quote on our expert PCR accessories

Miscellaneous Items

Miscellaneous items

MSDS

Random Primer (6N)

Unit Quantity

Recommended Protocol

Storage Condition

Shipping condition

<h2 dir="ltr">What Are Adenoviral Cloning Vectors?</h2>
 An adenoviral shuttle plasmid (transfer vector) contains a transgene expression cassette flanked by adenoviral genomic sequences that mediate recombination into the full adenoviral backbone genome. This shuttle plasmid is the starting point for constructing any custom recombinant adenovirus. Successful adenoviral studies begin with the appropriate cloning backbone. Choose a vector compatible with your development workflow.
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<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
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<ul>
<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;" aria-level="1">
pShuttle backbone vectors, including pShuttle(+), pShuttle(-), and pShuttle-His variants for gene insertion and adenoviral construct assembly&nbsp;
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<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;" aria-level="1">
Tagged expression vectors such as pShuttle-His-18x and pShuttle-2A-RFP for co-expression and protein labeling studies
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;" aria-level="1">
Functional assay and reporter vectors, including pPromoter and pSiShuttle for transcriptional analysis and gene regulation&nbsp;
</li>
<li dir="ltr" style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;" aria-level="1">
Ready-to-use adenoviral DNA for simplified preparation of constructs
</li>
</ul>
<h2 dir="ltr"> How to Choose an Adenoviral Cloning Vector</h2>
 Promoter Selection CMV, EF1&alpha;, and CAG promoter options are available for driving transgene expression &mdash; CMV offers strong, broadly active expression, while EF1&alpha; and CAG can provide more consistent expression in certain cell types. Cloning Method Compatibility Gateway-compatible backbones enable site-specific recombination cloning without restriction enzymes, useful for parallel construct generation. Standard multiple cloning sites (MCS) with conventional restriction sites remain available for traditional cloning workflows. Deletion Configuration E1/E3-deleted Ad5 backbones are the standard configuration &mdash; E1 deletion renders the virus replication-deficient, while E3 deletion provides additional cloning capacity. Downstream Production Pathway The shuttle plasmid recombines into the full adenoviral genome during virus production &mdash; selecting a shuttle vector compatible with your packaging cell line and downstream amplification approach avoids compatibility issues later in the workflow. Reporter/Selection Inclusion Shuttle vectors with fluorescent reporters (GFP) or selection markers built into the cassette simplify confirmation of successful cloning and subsequent virus packaging steps. 
<h2 dir="ltr"> Specifications Context</h2>
 After cloning the transgene into an adenoviral shuttle plasmid, the construct is recombined into the full adenoviral backbone genome in packaging systems or recombination-based workflows, followed by amplification in complementing cell lines to generate recombinant adenoviral stocks. Gateway-compatible shuttle vectors enable transfer of validated entry clones into the adenoviral system without re-cloning. Sequence verification of the shuttle construct by restriction analysis or sequencing is recommended before recombination to ensure construct integrity. Product availability reflects MBP&rsquo;s catalogue as of mid-2026. 
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<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team </a>at MBP for guidance on shuttle vector selection based on promoter configuration and experimental design requirements.

Cloning Vectors

Selection-Drug Killing Curve

Adenovirus-2-Expression-Protocol

Ready-to-Use Adeno DNA (Pre-linearized by I-Ceul/PI-SceI)

Vector

Note

Shipping Condition

<h2 data-section-id="pdko8n" data-start="0" data-end="50">What are recombinant proteins for cell culture?</h2>
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Recombinant proteins for cell culture are biologically active growth factors, cytokines, and signaling molecules produced using recombinant DNA technology to control specific cellular functions in vitro. Growth factors such as FGF (fibroblast growth factor), EGF (epidermal growth factor), and TGF-&beta; (transforming growth factor beta) regulate cell growth, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Cytokines including IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 influence immune cell activation, expansion, and function. These proteins are widely used in serum-free and chemically defined media, stem cell and iPSC culture, immune cell expansion, organoid development, hybridoma production, and cell and gene therapy workflows where precise control over cellular signaling is required.
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<h2 dir="ltr">What you will find:</h2>
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<ul>
<li>Includes cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and signaling proteins to support proliferation, differentiation, and maintenance of&nbsp;mammalian cells</li>
<li>Rat, human, and mouse recombinant proteins compatible with translational research models and diverse mammalian cell culture&nbsp;</li>
<li>Optimizing cell metabolic activity, signalling pathways, and experimental reproducibility in vitro using recombinant proteins&nbsp;</li>
<li>Suitable for organoid development, expansion of cells, activation of immune cells, neuronal studies, and protein expression workflow optimization.</li>
</ul>
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<h2 data-section-id="4x59d8" data-start="1050" data-end="1118">How to choose recombinant proteins, cytokines, and growth factors</h2>
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Quality grade: RUO vs. preclinical vs. GMP
Research-use-only (RUO) proteins are suitable for most academic and industrial research applications. Preclinical-grade proteins provide enhanced documentation and quality control for studies supporting clinical development. GMP-grade proteins are manufactured under controlled quality systems with complete traceability and lot-to-lot bioactivity verification, making them appropriate for cell therapy, gene therapy, and other regulated applications.
Expression system and post-translational modifications
The production system can significantly affect protein activity. HEK293 and other mammalian expression systems preserve native human post-translational modifications such as glycosylation and phosphorylation, which are often necessary for full biological function. Bacterial expression systems such as E. coli may offer lower cost and higher yields but cannot reproduce many of these modifications.
Carrier-free formulation
Carrier-free recombinant proteins are formulated without stabilizing proteins such as bovine serum albumin (BSA). This eliminates potential experimental interference from carrier proteins and supports serum-free, animal-component-free, and GMP-compatible workflows. Carrier-free formulations are especially important when studying sensitive signaling pathways or developing clinical manufacturing processes.
Endotoxin level and purity
Endotoxins can stimulate inflammatory responses and alter cell behavior, particularly in immune cell cultures. For T-cell expansion, stem cell culture, and other sensitive applications, low-endotoxin or endotoxin-free proteins with documented purity above 95% are preferred to ensure reproducible results.
Stability format: standard vs. thermostable
Standard recombinant proteins gradually lose activity during prolonged incubation at 37&deg;C. Thermostable variants, such as engineered FGF2 formulations, maintain biological activity for longer periods and reduce the need for frequent media supplementation. These products can improve workflow efficiency in stem cell maintenance and differentiation protocols.
Storage and reconstitution
Lyophilized recombinant proteins offer extended shelf life and are typically stored frozen until use. After reconstitution, proteins should be aliquoted into single-use portions whenever possible to minimize repeated freeze-thaw cycles that can reduce activity. Proper storage conditions vary by product and should follow the manufacturer's recommendations.
<h2 data-section-id="rxnuuy" data-start="3659" data-end="3704">&nbsp;</h2>
<h2 data-section-id="1fljvas" data-start="4451" data-end="4476">Specifications context</h2>
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Modern recombinant cytokines and growth factors are available in a wide range of formats including carrier-free, low-endotoxin, animal-component-free, and GMP-grade formulations. Many GMP-grade cytokines such as IL-2, IL-7, IL-15, and IL-21 undergo lot-specific bioactivity testing using validated reference standards to ensure consistent biological performance. Mammalian-cell-expressed proteins are increasingly preferred for applications requiring native structure and maximum biological activity.
As of 2026, carrier-free, low-endotoxin recombinant proteins produced in mammalian expression systems have become the preferred choice for stem cell culture, immune cell expansion, organoid development, and advanced biomanufacturing workflows.
For basal media used alongside recombinant proteins, see Classic Media. For additional supplementation reagents, see Cell Culture Supplements &amp; Additives. Browse Mammalian Cell Culture for the broader category.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us">Contact the expert team</a> at MBP today and get optimized recombinant proteins for your lab.

Recombinant Proteins

Growth Factor-eFlyer

Growth Factors and Cytokines-Brochure

Growth Factors and Cytokines-FAQ

Role of Growth Factors in Cell Differentiation-Poster

Recombinant Human 4-1BB Receptor (TNFRSF9)

Z101085 by Applied Biological Materials is recombinant human 4-1BB Receptor (TNFRSF9/CD137), expressed in E. coli and purified to >95% by SDS-PAGE. This 18 kDa co-stimulatory TNF receptor has an ED50 of &lt;0.5 ng/mL in a cell-based proliferation assay. Endotoxin &lt;1.0 EU/µg; lyophilized from PBS pH 7.5; reconstitute in distilled water at ≥0.1 mg/mL.

Organism

Family

Aliases

Gene Symbol

Gene ID

Accession Number

Source

Species

Appearance

Molecular Weight

Endotoxin Level

Purity

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Function

Reconstitution

Storage

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Manufacturer

Recombinant Human 4-1BB Receptor (TNFRSF9), 20 µg

Recombinant Human 4-1BB Receptor (TNFRSF9), 1.0 mg

Recombinant Human 4-BBL (TNFSF9)

Recombinant Human 4-BBL/CD137L (Z102255) by ABM — 19.6 kDa E. coli-expressed TNFSF9, >95% pure, 4-1BB T-cell co-stimulatory ligand, <1.0 EU/µg. Order from MBP INC.

Recombinant Human 4-BBL (TNFSF9), 20 µg

Recombinant Human 4-BBL (TNFSF9), 1.0 mg

Flyer

Brochure

Recombinant Human AIMP1

Z100155 by ABM (Applied Biological Materials) is Recombinant Human AIMP1 (EMAP-II/SCYE1) — 18 kDa, tag-free, expressed in E. coli, &gt;95% purity by SDS-PAGE, lyophilized from PBS/NaCl pH 7.5, 20 µg/unit. Research use only.

Recombinant Human AIMP1, 20 µg

Recombinant Human AIMP1, 1.0 mg

Recombinant Human AITRL (TNFSF18)

Z101725 by Applied Biological Materials is recombinant human AITRL (TNFSF18, GITRL), expressed in E. coli and purified to >95% by SDS-PAGE. This 14.2 kDa TNF superfamily ligand activates the GITR receptor on T cells and regulatory T cells. Endotoxin &lt;1.0 EU/µg; reconstitute at 0.1 mg/mL in sterile PBS with ≥0.1% HSA or BSA.

Recombinant Human AITRL (TNFSF18), 30 µg

Recombinant Human AITRL (TNFSF18), 200 µg

Recombinant Human AITRL (TNFSF18), 1.0 mg

Recombinant Human AREG

Z101875 by Applied Biological Materials is recombinant human AREG (Amphiregulin, CRDGF), an 11.5 kDa EGF-family growth factor expressed in E. coli with >95% purity. AREG activates EGFR (HER1) to drive epithelial proliferation and wound healing; it is also upregulated in EGFR therapy resistance. ED50 &lt;0.5 ng/mL in NIH-3T3 proliferation assays. Lyophilized from PBS with BSA; reconstitute at 100 µg/mL in sterile PBS with ≥0.1% HSA or BSA. Available from MBP.

Recombinant Human AREG, 15 µg

Recombinant Human AREG, 1.0 mg

Recombinant Human Activin A (INHBA)

Z101665 by ABM — Recombinant Human Activin A (INHBA), 13 kDa monomer / ~26 kDa homodimer, tag-free, expressed in E. coli. Purity &gt;95% by SDS-PAGE, endotoxin &lt;1.0 EU/µg, ED50 1–1.5 ng/mL. Available in 10 µg and 1.0 mg.

Recombinant Human Activin A (INHBA), 10 µg

Recombinant Human Activin A (INHBA), 1.0 mg

Recombinant Human Adiponectin (Acrp30)

Z102595 by Applied Biological Materials is recombinant human Adiponectin (Acrp30/ADIPOQ), a tag-free adipokine expressed in E. coli. At 24.8 kDa with &gt;95% purity, endotoxin &lt;1.0 EU/µg, and cytotoxic ED50 3.0–6.0 µg/mL on M1 cells, it supports insulin sensitization, AMPK signaling, and metabolic disease research. Lyophilized from Tris buffer with NaCl, pH 8.

Recombinant Human Adiponectin (Acrp30), 25 µg

Recombinant Human Adiponectin (Acrp30), 1.0 mg

Recombinant Human Artemin (ARTN)

Z102355 by Applied Biological Materials is recombinant human Artemin (ARTN), expressed in E. coli and purified to >95% by SDS-PAGE. This 12.2 kDa GDNF family neurotrophic factor has an ED50 of 4–16 ng/mL in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma functional ELISA. Endotoxin &lt;1.0 EU/µg; lyophilized from sodium citrate pH 4.5 buffer.

Recombinant Human Artemin (ARTN), 20 µg

Recombinant Human Artemin (ARTN), 1.0 mg

Recombinant Human B-cell Activating Factor  (TNFSF13B)

Z100965 by Applied Biological Materials (ABM) is a tag-free recombinant human BAFF (B-cell Activating Factor / TNFSF13B) expressed in E. coli, with greater than 95% purity by SDS-PAGE, 18 kDa molecular weight, and ED50 below 2.0 ng/mL in murine B cell proliferation assays. Supplied as lyophilized powder for B cell biology, autoimmune disease, and lymphoma research.

Recombinant Human B-cell Activating Factor  (TNFSF13B), 20 µg

Recombinant Human B-cell Activating Factor (TNFSF13B), 100 µg

Recombinant Human B-cell Activating Factor (TNFSF13B), 1.0 mg

Recombinant Human B-cell Maturation Protein  (TNFRSF17)

Recombinant Human BCMA (Z101445) by ABM. TNFRSF17/CD269, 6 kDa, >95% purity, E. coli. ED50 <0.05 ng/mL. Multiple myeloma target research, BAFF/APRIL binding, and B-cell biology.