Name: ProSpec Bio Recombinant Human TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand/Apo2L (114-281), Active
Brand: ProSpec Bio
SKU: PSB-CYT-1014
Availability: InStock

<h2 data-section-id="rjlyxh" data-start="0" data-end="35">What are tumor necrosis factors?</h2>
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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and TNF-beta (lymphotoxin-alpha) are recombinant cytokines that activate the NF-kB and apoptosis signaling pathways, used widely in inflammation, immunology, and cancer cell biology research. Related entities include NF-kB pathway activation, TNF receptor (TNFR1/TNFR2), macrophage activation, co-culture inflammation models, and combination treatment with interferon-gamma.
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<h2 dir="ltr">What you'll find in this category: </h2>
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Apoptotic Pathway Inducers: Stable cytokines engineered to drive clean, measurable programmed cell death assays.
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Inflammatory Signaling Tools: Premium molecular targets built to study leukocyte activation networks.
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Cytotoxicity Validation Assays: Batch-tested reference proteins designed to evaluate cellular resistance and immune baselines.
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<h2 data-section-id="fg7o5n" data-start="615" data-end="662">How to choose tumor necrosis factor products</h2>
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TNF-alpha vs. TNF-beta
TNF-alpha is the form specified in the large majority of inflammation and NF-kB signaling protocols, produced primarily by activated macrophages, while TNF-beta (lymphotoxin-alpha) is used in more specialized lymphoid tissue and immune-development studies. Confirm the published protocol names TNF-alpha specifically before substituting
Species match
Recombinant human TNF-alpha and mouse TNF-alpha are both available; confirm the cell line or model organism's species, since TNF receptor binding is generally species-specific and cross-species activity can be limited.
Carrier-free vs. carrier-added formulation
Carrier-free TNF-alpha is preferred for ELISA standard curves and animal-component-free inflammation models, while carrier-added TNF-alpha provides stability for routine stimulation assays in standard cell culture.
Combination protocols with interferon-gamma
Many inflammation co-stimulation protocols pair TNF-alpha with interferon-gamma to model synergistic inflammatory signaling. If a protocol specifies this combination, confirm both reagents are sourced with matching species and carrier formulation to avoid introducing variability.
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<h2 data-section-id="1fljvas" data-start="2800" data-end="2825">Specifications context</h2>
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TNF-alpha activity is reported as ED50 in a cytotoxicity or NF-kB reporter bioassay, generally in the low ng/mL to pg/mL range given its high potency. Pack sizes for academic labs commonly range from 5 micrograms to 100 micrograms, with purity by SDS-PAGE typically above 97% and lot-specific endotoxin testing reported for immune-assay use. As of 2026, co-stimulation protocols combining TNF-alpha with interferon-gamma remain a standard approach for modeling chronic inflammation in epithelial and immune cell co-culture systems.
This category is part of MBP's broader growth factors and hormones catalog alongside interferons and interleukins, which are often used in the same inflammation co-stimulation protocols. Labs also working on fibrosis or differentiation pathways may review transforming growth factors, while those maintaining stem cell lines alongside immunology work can explore fibroblast growth factors (FGF). MBP's specialist team supports academic labs in matching species and carrier formulation across paired cytokine orders.
<a href="https://mbpinc.net/contact-us" style="color: #236fa1; text-decoration: underline;">Request a specialized bulk quote</a> from the MBP sales desk today to secure your signaling cytokine reserves.

Tumor Necrosis Factors

ProSpec Bio

Key Specifications

ProSpec Bio Recombinant Human TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand/Apo2L (114-281), Active

Recombinant Human TNF-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand/Apo2L (114-281), Active by ProSpec Bio is human TRAIL (TNFSF10, Apo2L) (amino acids 114-281) produced in E. coli, a 169-amino-acid protein of 19.6 kDa that is more than 95% pure. ProSpec Bio reports biological activity data for it. It is supplied as a solution in 2 µg, 10 µg and 100 µg sizes for TRAIL pathway research.